中国职业技术教育

在产业结构转型升级与高校毕业生规模持续扩大的双重背景下，劳动力市场技能供需的结构性矛盾日益凸显。高校毕业生“回炉”职业院校是连接高等教育与职业教育、回应终身学习与高质量就业需求的重要实践形态。基于对全国105所技工院校的问卷调查与实地调研，分析高校毕业生“回炉”职业院校的现象，探究职业教育服务高校毕业生技能提升的现状。研究发现，职业教育服务高校毕业生技能提升呈显著的“点状非均衡”特征，面临传统观念桎梏与技能价值认同不足、政策体系碎片化与协同机制缺失、培养体系适配性与高端资源短缺、就业反馈机制薄弱与发展路径模糊等现实困境。为此，应通过强化顶层设计与政策协同、创新需求驱动的培养范式、搭建多元协同的生态网络、夯实院校质量保障能力等系统性举措，构建支持“技能回炉”制度化发展的协同生态，为纾解结构性就业矛盾、构建技能型社会提供可行的教育路径与实践依托。

Under the dual background of industrial structure transformation and upgrading and the continuous expansion of the scale of college graduates, the structural contradiction between the supply and demand of skills in the labor market has become increasingly prominent. College graduates' returning to vocational colleges is an important practical form that connects higher education and vocational education and responds to the demands of lifelong learning and high-quality employment. Based on questionnaires and on-site research of 105 technical colleges across the country, this paper analyzes the phenomenon of college graduates' returning to vocational colleges and explores the current situation of vocational education serving the skill enhancement of college graduates. The research finds that vocational education serving the skill enhancement of college graduates shows a significant "dot-like and non-equilibrium" feature and faces practical difficulties such as the shackles of traditional concepts and insufficient recognition of skill value, fragmented policy systems and the lack of a coordination mechanism, the inadaptability of the training system and the shortage of high-end resources, and weak employment feedback mechanisms and ambiguous development paths. Therefore, to alleviate structural employment contradictions and provide feasible educational paths and practical dependent for establishing a skills-based society, systematic measures such as strengthening top-level design and policy coordination, innovating demand-driven training paradigms,establishing a multi-party collaborative ecological network, and consolidating the quality assurance capabilities of institutions should be intensified, as well as establishing a collaborative ecosystem that supports the institutionalized development of "skill retraining".