中国职业技术教育

在高职教育资源持续向县域延伸的背景下，既有研究多关注“资源下沉”的必要性与实践成效，对县域在不同配置模式之间如何作出理性选择探讨不足。围绕县域高职教育资源配置问题，在梳理独立设置高职院校、县域分院（办学点）与政校企共建产业学院三种典型模式的基础上，分析重心由“模式识别”转向“模式选择”。构建了涵盖财政、产业、生源与治理的配置模式可行性判别框架，提出模式适配准则与优先序判断，揭示不同发展阶段下模式切换与组合运用的调整机制。分析表明，县域高职教育资源配置不存在统一最优模式，其合理性取决于县域条件、发展阶段与风险承受能力之间的匹配程度。从“下沉”走向“选择”，为理解县域高职教育资源配置差异提供决策框架，为相关政策优化提供参考。

Under the background of the continuous extension of higher vocational education resources to county-level areas, most existing studies have focused on the necessity and practical effectiveness of "resource decentralization". However, the topic that how county-level areas make rational choices among different allocation models has insufficiently explored. Regarding the issue of the allocation of higher vocational education resources in county areas, based on the analysis of the three typical models, independent higher vocational colleges, county branch colleges(school operation offices), and the joint establishment of industrial colleges by the government, the school, and enterprises, the analysis focus has shifted from "mode identification" to "mode selection". A feasibility assessment framework of the allocation mode covering finance, industry, student sources, and governance has been constructed. The mode of adaptation guidelines and the judgment of priority sequence have been proposed, and the adjustment mechanisms for mode switching and combination application under different development stages have been revealed. The analysis indicates that there is no unified optimal model for the allocation of higher vocational education resources in county-level areas. Its rationality depends on the degree of matching between the county's conditions, development stage and risk tolerance. Transitioning from "decentralization" to "selection" provides a decision framework for understanding the differences in higher vocational education resource allocation in countylevel areas and offers references for the optimization of relevant policies.