中国职业技术教育

人工智能（AI）技术的迅猛发展正深刻重塑全球经济与职业生态，传统职业教育长期受“工具理性”主导的模式面临严峻挑战。过度关注技能训练与效率提升的“工具理性”导向，可能导致人的“工具化”与主体性消解，从而使教育系统难以适应风险社会和液态现代性的复杂需求。应对此困境，核心在于职业教育如何实现深刻的“人本转向”，超越并摒弃传统的“工具理性”范式。“人本转向”是对“教育何为”的本体论反思，旨在将教育重心从单纯的技术适应性培养转向促进人的全面发展与潜能释放。具体而言，就是要构建一个多维度理论框架，从能力本质的重塑、知识范式的革新和价值维度的回归三个核心层面深入剖析“人本转向”的内涵与实现路径，并从宏观政策、中观院校和微观教学三个层面提出具体对策建议，以推动职业教育的系统性变革。

The rapid development of artificial intelligence(AI) technology is profoundly reshaping the global economy and occupational ecology, and the traditional vocational education model that has long been dominated by "instrumental rationality" is facing severe challenges. The "instrumental rationality" orientation that overly focuses on skill training and efficiency improvement may lead to human "instrumentalization" and subjectivity dissolution, making it difficult for the education system to adapt to the complex needs of a risk society and liquid modernity. To cope with this dilemma, the core lies in how vocational education can achieve a profound "humanistic turn", surpassing and abandoning the traditional "instrumental rationality" paradigm. The "humanistic turn" is an ontological reflection on "what education is", aiming to shift the focus of education from simply cultivating technological adaptability to promoting comprehensive human development and potential release. Specifically, it is necessary to construct a multidimensional theoretical framework to deeply analyze the connotation and implementation path of the "humanistic shift" from three core levels: reshaping the essence of abilities, innovating knowledge paradigms, and returning to value dimensions. Specific countermeasures and suggestions should be proposed from the macro policy, meso school, and micro teaching levels to promote the systematic transformation of vocational education.