中国职业技术教育

“十五五”时期，新型城镇化对职业教育提出了新的现实吁求。从“单极集聚”到“县城承载”，需要职业教育推进以县城为重要载体的城镇化建设；从“物的城镇化”到“人的城镇化”,需要职业教育助力人的现代化；从“城乡分割”到“城乡融合”，需要职业教育推动城乡融合一体发展。县域职业教育在推进以人为本的新型城镇化进程中有其内在必然性：以培育人力资本为新型城镇化提供内生动力，以满足城镇居民需求来促进人的全面发展，以推动城乡融合惠及全体城乡居民。然而，在这一过程中存在着人才流动阻滞、身份认同悬浮、人才培养脱嵌、文化传承断裂的现实困境，制约了县域职业教育服务新型城镇化的效能。为了实现新型城镇化高质量发展，县域职业教育要在基础性投资、融入性投资、生产性投资、发展性投资四个环节加大对人力资本的投资。

During the "15 th Five-Year Plan" period, new urbanization has put forward new practical demands for vocational education. From "unipolar agglomeration" to "county-level undertaking", vocational education is needed to promote urbanization construction with counties as important carriers; from “urbanization of things" to "urbanization of people", vocational education is needed to facilitate human modernization; from "urban-rural segmentation" to "urban-rural integration", vocational education is needed to promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas. County-level vocational education has its inherent necessity in promoting the people-oriented process of new urbanization: cultivating human capital to provide endogenous impetus for new urbanization, meeting the needs of urban residents to promote their comprehensive development, and promoting urban-rural integration to benefit all urban and rural residents.However, in this process, there are practical difficulties such as talent mobility blockage, identity suspension, talent cultivation disengagement, and cultural inheritance fracture, which restrict the effectiveness of county-level vocational education in serving new urbanization. In order to achieve high-quality development of new urbanization, county-level vocational education should increase investment in human capital in four aspects: basic investment, integrative investment, productive investment, and developmental investment.